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Document SecurityMay 2026 · 7 min read

Legal Document Redaction: What the Rules Require and How to Do It Without Exposing Your Clients

Improper redaction has torpedoed cases, triggered bar complaints, and cost firms millions. The mistake is almost always the same: attorneys believe they redacted something when they only covered it up. Here is exactly what the rules require and how to do it correctly.

Critical: covering text is not redacting it

Placing a black box or dark highlight over text in Word or Acrobat leaves the original text completely intact in the file. Any opposing counsel with a text extractor can recover it in seconds. This has happened in the Ted Stevens prosecution, multiple SEC investigations, and dozens of civil matters.

Methods That Don't Work

Black box overlay in Word
Placing a black shape over text does NOT remove it. The text is still present in the file and trivially recoverable.
High Risk
Highlighting in black in Acrobat
Same problem. Color layers can be stripped in seconds, revealing the text underneath. This has exposed privileged material in multiple high-profile cases.
High Risk
Server-based redaction tools
Your document — including the privileged content you're protecting — is uploaded to a third-party server before redaction occurs.
Medium Risk
Print, black out, scan
True redaction but destroys document quality, is not text-searchable, and takes 10+ minutes per document.
Low Risk

What Court Rules Require You to Redact

FRCP Rule 5.2 (Federal)
  • Social Security numbers (last 4 only)
  • Taxpayer ID numbers
  • Dates of birth (year only)
  • Financial account numbers (last 4 only)
  • Names of minor children (initials only)
ABA Rule 1.6 (All Jurisdictions)
  • Client confidential communications
  • Privileged attorney work product
  • Third-party private information
  • Medical and financial records
State Court Rules (Varies)
  • Driver's license numbers
  • Passport numbers
  • Home addresses in domestic violence cases
  • Victim information in criminal matters

How ShieldRedact Does It Correctly

ShieldRedact processes every document entirely inside your browser — your file never touches a server. When you apply a redaction, the text is permanently destroyed at the data level — not covered, not hidden, not present in any layer of the resulting file. You can verify this yourself by running the output through any PDF text extractor. The redacted content will not be there because it no longer exists.

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